–
+
Distant changes alter curvature cancellation
¥damage: remove bending energy from core region
–
–central force F decreases
–curvature cancellation is incomplete
–\cancellation † uniform elasticity
Thus: curvature cancellation results from global constraints. 
cap.jpg
deform: circular rim¨elliptical rim
   Mean curvature varies along the rim
   Becomes negative at minor axis
r
0
Jin Wang, TW 2009